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klf4  (Cell Signaling Technology Inc)


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    Structured Review

    Cell Signaling Technology Inc klf4
    Macrophage Markers Upregulated in Chol-Loaded hVSMCs Are Suppressed by HDL Through Restoration of TGFβ Signaling (A) hVSMCs were treated with Chol (5 μg/mL) or 0.2% bovine serum albumin (CT) for 48 hours. qPCR was performed to determine the expression of macrophage marker ( Cd68 ) and SMC marker ( Acta2 ). (B) hVSMCs were with treated as in A for 48 hours, then qPCR was performed to determine the expression of macrophage differentiation factor <t>Klf4</t> . (C) hVSMCs were treated with Chol (5 μg/mL) for the indicated times, then KFL4 expression was determined by Western blotting. (D) Klf4 (60 nmol/L) or negative CT small, interfering RNA (siRNA) were transfected into hVSMCs for 48 hours. Then, transfected cells were treated as in B, followed by Western blotting for CD68 and KLF4. GAPDH was used as loading CT. (E) Chol-loaded cells (48 hours, 5 μg/mL) were incubated with Mir145 mimic (60 nmol/L) or CT mimic (60 nmol/LM) for 24 hours and the expressions of CD68, KLF4, and α-SMA determined with GAPDH as a loading CT. The P values for the comparisons between CT and Mir145 mimics are CD68 (0.025), KLF4 (0.018), and α-SMA (0.01). (F-I) hVSMCs were loaded with Chol (48 hours, 5 μg/mL) and were then either treated with HDL (50 μg/mL) for 24 hours or left untreated. Western blotting was performed to determine the expression of (F) KLF4 and (G) CD68. (H) hVSMCs were treated as in F and G, but in the presence or absence of TGFβR1i (50 ng/mL). Western blotting was performed to determine KLF4 expression. For data analysis, unpaired Student’s t -test was performed for comparing the means of 2 groups. For 2 or more independent groups, 2-way analysis of variance followed by Dunnett post hoc test was performed. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM of at least 3 independent experiments. P values are as indicated (∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗ P < 0.01, ∗∗∗ P < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗ P < 0.0001). Abbreviations as in , , and .
    Klf4, supplied by Cell Signaling Technology Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 95/100, based on 116 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/rabbit+anti+klf4/pmc12925216-83-51-53?v=Cell+Signaling+Technology+Inc
    Average 95 stars, based on 116 article reviews
    klf4 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-07
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    Images

    1) Product Images from "HDL Regulates TGFβ-Receptor Lipid Raft Partitioning, Restoring Contractile Features of Cholesterol-Loaded Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells"

    Article Title: HDL Regulates TGFβ-Receptor Lipid Raft Partitioning, Restoring Contractile Features of Cholesterol-Loaded Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

    Journal: JACC: Basic to Translational Science

    doi: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2025.101461

    Macrophage Markers Upregulated in Chol-Loaded hVSMCs Are Suppressed by HDL Through Restoration of TGFβ Signaling (A) hVSMCs were treated with Chol (5 μg/mL) or 0.2% bovine serum albumin (CT) for 48 hours. qPCR was performed to determine the expression of macrophage marker ( Cd68 ) and SMC marker ( Acta2 ). (B) hVSMCs were with treated as in A for 48 hours, then qPCR was performed to determine the expression of macrophage differentiation factor Klf4 . (C) hVSMCs were treated with Chol (5 μg/mL) for the indicated times, then KFL4 expression was determined by Western blotting. (D) Klf4 (60 nmol/L) or negative CT small, interfering RNA (siRNA) were transfected into hVSMCs for 48 hours. Then, transfected cells were treated as in B, followed by Western blotting for CD68 and KLF4. GAPDH was used as loading CT. (E) Chol-loaded cells (48 hours, 5 μg/mL) were incubated with Mir145 mimic (60 nmol/L) or CT mimic (60 nmol/LM) for 24 hours and the expressions of CD68, KLF4, and α-SMA determined with GAPDH as a loading CT. The P values for the comparisons between CT and Mir145 mimics are CD68 (0.025), KLF4 (0.018), and α-SMA (0.01). (F-I) hVSMCs were loaded with Chol (48 hours, 5 μg/mL) and were then either treated with HDL (50 μg/mL) for 24 hours or left untreated. Western blotting was performed to determine the expression of (F) KLF4 and (G) CD68. (H) hVSMCs were treated as in F and G, but in the presence or absence of TGFβR1i (50 ng/mL). Western blotting was performed to determine KLF4 expression. For data analysis, unpaired Student’s t -test was performed for comparing the means of 2 groups. For 2 or more independent groups, 2-way analysis of variance followed by Dunnett post hoc test was performed. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM of at least 3 independent experiments. P values are as indicated (∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗ P < 0.01, ∗∗∗ P < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗ P < 0.0001). Abbreviations as in , , and .
    Figure Legend Snippet: Macrophage Markers Upregulated in Chol-Loaded hVSMCs Are Suppressed by HDL Through Restoration of TGFβ Signaling (A) hVSMCs were treated with Chol (5 μg/mL) or 0.2% bovine serum albumin (CT) for 48 hours. qPCR was performed to determine the expression of macrophage marker ( Cd68 ) and SMC marker ( Acta2 ). (B) hVSMCs were with treated as in A for 48 hours, then qPCR was performed to determine the expression of macrophage differentiation factor Klf4 . (C) hVSMCs were treated with Chol (5 μg/mL) for the indicated times, then KFL4 expression was determined by Western blotting. (D) Klf4 (60 nmol/L) or negative CT small, interfering RNA (siRNA) were transfected into hVSMCs for 48 hours. Then, transfected cells were treated as in B, followed by Western blotting for CD68 and KLF4. GAPDH was used as loading CT. (E) Chol-loaded cells (48 hours, 5 μg/mL) were incubated with Mir145 mimic (60 nmol/L) or CT mimic (60 nmol/LM) for 24 hours and the expressions of CD68, KLF4, and α-SMA determined with GAPDH as a loading CT. The P values for the comparisons between CT and Mir145 mimics are CD68 (0.025), KLF4 (0.018), and α-SMA (0.01). (F-I) hVSMCs were loaded with Chol (48 hours, 5 μg/mL) and were then either treated with HDL (50 μg/mL) for 24 hours or left untreated. Western blotting was performed to determine the expression of (F) KLF4 and (G) CD68. (H) hVSMCs were treated as in F and G, but in the presence or absence of TGFβR1i (50 ng/mL). Western blotting was performed to determine KLF4 expression. For data analysis, unpaired Student’s t -test was performed for comparing the means of 2 groups. For 2 or more independent groups, 2-way analysis of variance followed by Dunnett post hoc test was performed. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM of at least 3 independent experiments. P values are as indicated (∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗ P < 0.01, ∗∗∗ P < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗ P < 0.0001). Abbreviations as in , , and .

    Techniques Used: Expressing, Marker, Western Blot, Small Interfering RNA, Transfection, Incubation



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    Macrophage Markers Upregulated in Chol-Loaded hVSMCs Are Suppressed by HDL Through Restoration of TGFβ Signaling (A) hVSMCs were treated with Chol (5 μg/mL) or 0.2% bovine serum albumin (CT) for 48 hours. qPCR was performed to determine the expression of macrophage marker ( Cd68 ) and SMC marker ( Acta2 ). (B) hVSMCs were with treated as in A for 48 hours, then qPCR was performed to determine the expression of macrophage differentiation factor <t>Klf4</t> . (C) hVSMCs were treated with Chol (5 μg/mL) for the indicated times, then KFL4 expression was determined by Western blotting. (D) Klf4 (60 nmol/L) or negative CT small, interfering RNA (siRNA) were transfected into hVSMCs for 48 hours. Then, transfected cells were treated as in B, followed by Western blotting for CD68 and KLF4. GAPDH was used as loading CT. (E) Chol-loaded cells (48 hours, 5 μg/mL) were incubated with Mir145 mimic (60 nmol/L) or CT mimic (60 nmol/LM) for 24 hours and the expressions of CD68, KLF4, and α-SMA determined with GAPDH as a loading CT. The P values for the comparisons between CT and Mir145 mimics are CD68 (0.025), KLF4 (0.018), and α-SMA (0.01). (F-I) hVSMCs were loaded with Chol (48 hours, 5 μg/mL) and were then either treated with HDL (50 μg/mL) for 24 hours or left untreated. Western blotting was performed to determine the expression of (F) KLF4 and (G) CD68. (H) hVSMCs were treated as in F and G, but in the presence or absence of TGFβR1i (50 ng/mL). Western blotting was performed to determine KLF4 expression. For data analysis, unpaired Student’s t -test was performed for comparing the means of 2 groups. For 2 or more independent groups, 2-way analysis of variance followed by Dunnett post hoc test was performed. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM of at least 3 independent experiments. P values are as indicated (∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗ P < 0.01, ∗∗∗ P < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗ P < 0.0001). Abbreviations as in , , and .
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    Macrophage Markers Upregulated in Chol-Loaded hVSMCs Are Suppressed by HDL Through Restoration of TGFβ Signaling (A) hVSMCs were treated with Chol (5 μg/mL) or 0.2% bovine serum albumin (CT) for 48 hours. qPCR was performed to determine the expression of macrophage marker ( Cd68 ) and SMC marker ( Acta2 ). (B) hVSMCs were with treated as in A for 48 hours, then qPCR was performed to determine the expression of macrophage differentiation factor <t>Klf4</t> . (C) hVSMCs were treated with Chol (5 μg/mL) for the indicated times, then KFL4 expression was determined by Western blotting. (D) Klf4 (60 nmol/L) or negative CT small, interfering RNA (siRNA) were transfected into hVSMCs for 48 hours. Then, transfected cells were treated as in B, followed by Western blotting for CD68 and KLF4. GAPDH was used as loading CT. (E) Chol-loaded cells (48 hours, 5 μg/mL) were incubated with Mir145 mimic (60 nmol/L) or CT mimic (60 nmol/LM) for 24 hours and the expressions of CD68, KLF4, and α-SMA determined with GAPDH as a loading CT. The P values for the comparisons between CT and Mir145 mimics are CD68 (0.025), KLF4 (0.018), and α-SMA (0.01). (F-I) hVSMCs were loaded with Chol (48 hours, 5 μg/mL) and were then either treated with HDL (50 μg/mL) for 24 hours or left untreated. Western blotting was performed to determine the expression of (F) KLF4 and (G) CD68. (H) hVSMCs were treated as in F and G, but in the presence or absence of TGFβR1i (50 ng/mL). Western blotting was performed to determine KLF4 expression. For data analysis, unpaired Student’s t -test was performed for comparing the means of 2 groups. For 2 or more independent groups, 2-way analysis of variance followed by Dunnett post hoc test was performed. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM of at least 3 independent experiments. P values are as indicated (∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗ P < 0.01, ∗∗∗ P < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗ P < 0.0001). Abbreviations as in , , and .
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    (a) Maximum intensity projections of klf2a expression in the PCV at 24 hpf (top) and 48 hpf (bottom) in sibling and ccm1 uq6al -/- embryos (scale bar = 30 μm). (b) Quantification of klf2a intensity in the PCV of sibling and ccm1 uq6al -/- embryos at 24 hpf and 48 hpf; 3 biological replicates, n(sibling, 24 hpf) = 35, n( ccm1-/-, 24 hpf) = 13, n(sibling, 48 hpf) = 22, n( ccm1-/- , 48 hpf) = 19. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple- comparisons test. Magenta box = no blood flow. (c) Maximum intensity projections of klf2a expression in the PCV of wild-type, tln1 uq1al -/-, ccm 1 uq6al -/-, and ccm1;tln1 double mutants at 48 hpf (scale bar = 30 μm). (d) Quantification of klf2a expression in the PCV at 48 hpf. Cyan box = genotypes with reduced blood flow in trunk vessels, magenta box = genotypes with no blood flow; 5 biological replicates, n( ccm1+/+;tln1+/+ ) = 11, n( ccm1+/+;tln1+/- ) = 32, n( ccm1+/+;tln1-/- ) = 21, n( ccm1+/-;tln1+/+ ) = 38, n( ccm1+/-;tln1+/- ) = 59, n( ccm1+/-;tln1-/- ) = 43, n( ccm1-/-;tln1+/+ ) = 27, n( ccm1-/-;tln1+/- ) = 54, n( ccm1-/-;tln1-/- ) = 17. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple-comparisons test. (e) Top: Maximum z- projections of confocal images of confluent monolayers of WT, ITGB1 LOF, CCM1 LOF, and CCM1 + ITGB1 LOF ECs, fixed and stained for <t>KLF4</t> (cyan) and nuclei (DAPI, grey). Middle: KLF4 only (grey) with inlay showing the nucleus outlined in red and perinuclear KLF4 is indicated by blue asterisks. Bottom: Red hot LUT for heatmap of nuclear KLF4 expression (scale bar = 20 μm). (f) Quantification of nuclear KLF4 intensity in WT, ITGB1 LOF, CCM1 LOF, and CCM1 + ITGB1 LOF ECs; 3 biological replicates, 6 images per replicate, with each data point representing 3-20 nuclei per image. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple-comparisons test. Data represented using violin plots, small circles indicate individual data points for each replicate (color matched to replicate). ns=no significant difference, *p=0.0332, **p=0.0021, ***p=0.0002, ****p<0.0001.
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    (a) Maximum intensity projections of klf2a expression in the PCV at 24 hpf (top) and 48 hpf (bottom) in sibling and ccm1 uq6al -/- embryos (scale bar = 30 μm). (b) Quantification of klf2a intensity in the PCV of sibling and ccm1 uq6al -/- embryos at 24 hpf and 48 hpf; 3 biological replicates, n(sibling, 24 hpf) = 35, n( ccm1-/-, 24 hpf) = 13, n(sibling, 48 hpf) = 22, n( ccm1-/- , 48 hpf) = 19. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple- comparisons test. Magenta box = no blood flow. (c) Maximum intensity projections of klf2a expression in the PCV of wild-type, tln1 uq1al -/-, ccm 1 uq6al -/-, and ccm1;tln1 double mutants at 48 hpf (scale bar = 30 μm). (d) Quantification of klf2a expression in the PCV at 48 hpf. Cyan box = genotypes with reduced blood flow in trunk vessels, magenta box = genotypes with no blood flow; 5 biological replicates, n( ccm1+/+;tln1+/+ ) = 11, n( ccm1+/+;tln1+/- ) = 32, n( ccm1+/+;tln1-/- ) = 21, n( ccm1+/-;tln1+/+ ) = 38, n( ccm1+/-;tln1+/- ) = 59, n( ccm1+/-;tln1-/- ) = 43, n( ccm1-/-;tln1+/+ ) = 27, n( ccm1-/-;tln1+/- ) = 54, n( ccm1-/-;tln1-/- ) = 17. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple-comparisons test. (e) Top: Maximum z- projections of confocal images of confluent monolayers of WT, ITGB1 LOF, CCM1 LOF, and CCM1 + ITGB1 LOF ECs, fixed and stained for <t>KLF4</t> (cyan) and nuclei (DAPI, grey). Middle: KLF4 only (grey) with inlay showing the nucleus outlined in red and perinuclear KLF4 is indicated by blue asterisks. Bottom: Red hot LUT for heatmap of nuclear KLF4 expression (scale bar = 20 μm). (f) Quantification of nuclear KLF4 intensity in WT, ITGB1 LOF, CCM1 LOF, and CCM1 + ITGB1 LOF ECs; 3 biological replicates, 6 images per replicate, with each data point representing 3-20 nuclei per image. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple-comparisons test. Data represented using violin plots, small circles indicate individual data points for each replicate (color matched to replicate). ns=no significant difference, *p=0.0332, **p=0.0021, ***p=0.0002, ****p<0.0001.
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    (a) Maximum intensity projections of klf2a expression in the PCV at 24 hpf (top) and 48 hpf (bottom) in sibling and ccm1 uq6al -/- embryos (scale bar = 30 μm). (b) Quantification of klf2a intensity in the PCV of sibling and ccm1 uq6al -/- embryos at 24 hpf and 48 hpf; 3 biological replicates, n(sibling, 24 hpf) = 35, n( ccm1-/-, 24 hpf) = 13, n(sibling, 48 hpf) = 22, n( ccm1-/- , 48 hpf) = 19. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple- comparisons test. Magenta box = no blood flow. (c) Maximum intensity projections of klf2a expression in the PCV of wild-type, tln1 uq1al -/-, ccm 1 uq6al -/-, and ccm1;tln1 double mutants at 48 hpf (scale bar = 30 μm). (d) Quantification of klf2a expression in the PCV at 48 hpf. Cyan box = genotypes with reduced blood flow in trunk vessels, magenta box = genotypes with no blood flow; 5 biological replicates, n( ccm1+/+;tln1+/+ ) = 11, n( ccm1+/+;tln1+/- ) = 32, n( ccm1+/+;tln1-/- ) = 21, n( ccm1+/-;tln1+/+ ) = 38, n( ccm1+/-;tln1+/- ) = 59, n( ccm1+/-;tln1-/- ) = 43, n( ccm1-/-;tln1+/+ ) = 27, n( ccm1-/-;tln1+/- ) = 54, n( ccm1-/-;tln1-/- ) = 17. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple-comparisons test. (e) Top: Maximum z- projections of confocal images of confluent monolayers of WT, ITGB1 LOF, CCM1 LOF, and CCM1 + ITGB1 LOF ECs, fixed and stained for <t>KLF4</t> (cyan) and nuclei (DAPI, grey). Middle: KLF4 only (grey) with inlay showing the nucleus outlined in red and perinuclear KLF4 is indicated by blue asterisks. Bottom: Red hot LUT for heatmap of nuclear KLF4 expression (scale bar = 20 μm). (f) Quantification of nuclear KLF4 intensity in WT, ITGB1 LOF, CCM1 LOF, and CCM1 + ITGB1 LOF ECs; 3 biological replicates, 6 images per replicate, with each data point representing 3-20 nuclei per image. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple-comparisons test. Data represented using violin plots, small circles indicate individual data points for each replicate (color matched to replicate). ns=no significant difference, *p=0.0332, **p=0.0021, ***p=0.0002, ****p<0.0001.
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    rabbit anti klf4  (Cell Signaling Technology Inc)
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    (a) Maximum intensity projections of klf2a expression in the PCV at 24 hpf (top) and 48 hpf (bottom) in sibling and ccm1 uq6al -/- embryos (scale bar = 30 μm). (b) Quantification of klf2a intensity in the PCV of sibling and ccm1 uq6al -/- embryos at 24 hpf and 48 hpf; 3 biological replicates, n(sibling, 24 hpf) = 35, n( ccm1-/-, 24 hpf) = 13, n(sibling, 48 hpf) = 22, n( ccm1-/- , 48 hpf) = 19. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple- comparisons test. Magenta box = no blood flow. (c) Maximum intensity projections of klf2a expression in the PCV of wild-type, tln1 uq1al -/-, ccm 1 uq6al -/-, and ccm1;tln1 double mutants at 48 hpf (scale bar = 30 μm). (d) Quantification of klf2a expression in the PCV at 48 hpf. Cyan box = genotypes with reduced blood flow in trunk vessels, magenta box = genotypes with no blood flow; 5 biological replicates, n( ccm1+/+;tln1+/+ ) = 11, n( ccm1+/+;tln1+/- ) = 32, n( ccm1+/+;tln1-/- ) = 21, n( ccm1+/-;tln1+/+ ) = 38, n( ccm1+/-;tln1+/- ) = 59, n( ccm1+/-;tln1-/- ) = 43, n( ccm1-/-;tln1+/+ ) = 27, n( ccm1-/-;tln1+/- ) = 54, n( ccm1-/-;tln1-/- ) = 17. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple-comparisons test. (e) Top: Maximum z- projections of confocal images of confluent monolayers of WT, ITGB1 LOF, CCM1 LOF, and CCM1 + ITGB1 LOF ECs, fixed and stained for <t>KLF4</t> (cyan) and nuclei (DAPI, grey). Middle: KLF4 only (grey) with inlay showing the nucleus outlined in red and perinuclear KLF4 is indicated by blue asterisks. Bottom: Red hot LUT for heatmap of nuclear KLF4 expression (scale bar = 20 μm). (f) Quantification of nuclear KLF4 intensity in WT, ITGB1 LOF, CCM1 LOF, and CCM1 + ITGB1 LOF ECs; 3 biological replicates, 6 images per replicate, with each data point representing 3-20 nuclei per image. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple-comparisons test. Data represented using violin plots, small circles indicate individual data points for each replicate (color matched to replicate). ns=no significant difference, *p=0.0332, **p=0.0021, ***p=0.0002, ****p<0.0001.
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    Image Search Results


    Macrophage Markers Upregulated in Chol-Loaded hVSMCs Are Suppressed by HDL Through Restoration of TGFβ Signaling (A) hVSMCs were treated with Chol (5 μg/mL) or 0.2% bovine serum albumin (CT) for 48 hours. qPCR was performed to determine the expression of macrophage marker ( Cd68 ) and SMC marker ( Acta2 ). (B) hVSMCs were with treated as in A for 48 hours, then qPCR was performed to determine the expression of macrophage differentiation factor Klf4 . (C) hVSMCs were treated with Chol (5 μg/mL) for the indicated times, then KFL4 expression was determined by Western blotting. (D) Klf4 (60 nmol/L) or negative CT small, interfering RNA (siRNA) were transfected into hVSMCs for 48 hours. Then, transfected cells were treated as in B, followed by Western blotting for CD68 and KLF4. GAPDH was used as loading CT. (E) Chol-loaded cells (48 hours, 5 μg/mL) were incubated with Mir145 mimic (60 nmol/L) or CT mimic (60 nmol/LM) for 24 hours and the expressions of CD68, KLF4, and α-SMA determined with GAPDH as a loading CT. The P values for the comparisons between CT and Mir145 mimics are CD68 (0.025), KLF4 (0.018), and α-SMA (0.01). (F-I) hVSMCs were loaded with Chol (48 hours, 5 μg/mL) and were then either treated with HDL (50 μg/mL) for 24 hours or left untreated. Western blotting was performed to determine the expression of (F) KLF4 and (G) CD68. (H) hVSMCs were treated as in F and G, but in the presence or absence of TGFβR1i (50 ng/mL). Western blotting was performed to determine KLF4 expression. For data analysis, unpaired Student’s t -test was performed for comparing the means of 2 groups. For 2 or more independent groups, 2-way analysis of variance followed by Dunnett post hoc test was performed. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM of at least 3 independent experiments. P values are as indicated (∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗ P < 0.01, ∗∗∗ P < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗ P < 0.0001). Abbreviations as in , , and .

    Journal: JACC: Basic to Translational Science

    Article Title: HDL Regulates TGFβ-Receptor Lipid Raft Partitioning, Restoring Contractile Features of Cholesterol-Loaded Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

    doi: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2025.101461

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Macrophage Markers Upregulated in Chol-Loaded hVSMCs Are Suppressed by HDL Through Restoration of TGFβ Signaling (A) hVSMCs were treated with Chol (5 μg/mL) or 0.2% bovine serum albumin (CT) for 48 hours. qPCR was performed to determine the expression of macrophage marker ( Cd68 ) and SMC marker ( Acta2 ). (B) hVSMCs were with treated as in A for 48 hours, then qPCR was performed to determine the expression of macrophage differentiation factor Klf4 . (C) hVSMCs were treated with Chol (5 μg/mL) for the indicated times, then KFL4 expression was determined by Western blotting. (D) Klf4 (60 nmol/L) or negative CT small, interfering RNA (siRNA) were transfected into hVSMCs for 48 hours. Then, transfected cells were treated as in B, followed by Western blotting for CD68 and KLF4. GAPDH was used as loading CT. (E) Chol-loaded cells (48 hours, 5 μg/mL) were incubated with Mir145 mimic (60 nmol/L) or CT mimic (60 nmol/LM) for 24 hours and the expressions of CD68, KLF4, and α-SMA determined with GAPDH as a loading CT. The P values for the comparisons between CT and Mir145 mimics are CD68 (0.025), KLF4 (0.018), and α-SMA (0.01). (F-I) hVSMCs were loaded with Chol (48 hours, 5 μg/mL) and were then either treated with HDL (50 μg/mL) for 24 hours or left untreated. Western blotting was performed to determine the expression of (F) KLF4 and (G) CD68. (H) hVSMCs were treated as in F and G, but in the presence or absence of TGFβR1i (50 ng/mL). Western blotting was performed to determine KLF4 expression. For data analysis, unpaired Student’s t -test was performed for comparing the means of 2 groups. For 2 or more independent groups, 2-way analysis of variance followed by Dunnett post hoc test was performed. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM of at least 3 independent experiments. P values are as indicated (∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗ P < 0.01, ∗∗∗ P < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗ P < 0.0001). Abbreviations as in , , and .

    Article Snippet: The primary antibodies used were as follows: ACTA2 (#A2547, Sigma); CNN1 (#M3556, DAKO); SRF (#5147, Cell Signaling); p38MAPK (#sc-535, Santa Cruz Biotechnology); SMAD2/3 (#8685, Cell Signaling); TUBA (#T-5168, Sigma); and SMAD2 (#3103, Cell Signaling), phospho-SMAD2 (#3101S, Cell Signaling), phospho-p38MAPK (#9211S, Cell Signaling), SMAD4 (#9515, Cell Signaling); CD68 (#MCA1815, AbD Serotec, Bio-Rad); KLF4 (#12173, Cell Signaling); PU.1 (#sc-352, Santa Cruz Biotechnology); TGFβR1 (#3712, Cell Signaling); TGFβR2 (#sc-400, Santa Cruz Biotechnology); Caveolin (#610059, BD Transduction Laboratories); CD71 (#13113, Cell Signaling); GAPDH (#AM4300, Ambion).

    Techniques: Expressing, Marker, Western Blot, Small Interfering RNA, Transfection, Incubation

    (a) Maximum intensity projections of klf2a expression in the PCV at 24 hpf (top) and 48 hpf (bottom) in sibling and ccm1 uq6al -/- embryos (scale bar = 30 μm). (b) Quantification of klf2a intensity in the PCV of sibling and ccm1 uq6al -/- embryos at 24 hpf and 48 hpf; 3 biological replicates, n(sibling, 24 hpf) = 35, n( ccm1-/-, 24 hpf) = 13, n(sibling, 48 hpf) = 22, n( ccm1-/- , 48 hpf) = 19. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple- comparisons test. Magenta box = no blood flow. (c) Maximum intensity projections of klf2a expression in the PCV of wild-type, tln1 uq1al -/-, ccm 1 uq6al -/-, and ccm1;tln1 double mutants at 48 hpf (scale bar = 30 μm). (d) Quantification of klf2a expression in the PCV at 48 hpf. Cyan box = genotypes with reduced blood flow in trunk vessels, magenta box = genotypes with no blood flow; 5 biological replicates, n( ccm1+/+;tln1+/+ ) = 11, n( ccm1+/+;tln1+/- ) = 32, n( ccm1+/+;tln1-/- ) = 21, n( ccm1+/-;tln1+/+ ) = 38, n( ccm1+/-;tln1+/- ) = 59, n( ccm1+/-;tln1-/- ) = 43, n( ccm1-/-;tln1+/+ ) = 27, n( ccm1-/-;tln1+/- ) = 54, n( ccm1-/-;tln1-/- ) = 17. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple-comparisons test. (e) Top: Maximum z- projections of confocal images of confluent monolayers of WT, ITGB1 LOF, CCM1 LOF, and CCM1 + ITGB1 LOF ECs, fixed and stained for KLF4 (cyan) and nuclei (DAPI, grey). Middle: KLF4 only (grey) with inlay showing the nucleus outlined in red and perinuclear KLF4 is indicated by blue asterisks. Bottom: Red hot LUT for heatmap of nuclear KLF4 expression (scale bar = 20 μm). (f) Quantification of nuclear KLF4 intensity in WT, ITGB1 LOF, CCM1 LOF, and CCM1 + ITGB1 LOF ECs; 3 biological replicates, 6 images per replicate, with each data point representing 3-20 nuclei per image. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple-comparisons test. Data represented using violin plots, small circles indicate individual data points for each replicate (color matched to replicate). ns=no significant difference, *p=0.0332, **p=0.0021, ***p=0.0002, ****p<0.0001.

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: Integrin β1–Talin1 at focal adhesions underpin uncontrolled endothelial cell enlargement in live cerebral cavernous malformation vasculature

    doi: 10.1101/2025.11.25.688491

    Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) Maximum intensity projections of klf2a expression in the PCV at 24 hpf (top) and 48 hpf (bottom) in sibling and ccm1 uq6al -/- embryos (scale bar = 30 μm). (b) Quantification of klf2a intensity in the PCV of sibling and ccm1 uq6al -/- embryos at 24 hpf and 48 hpf; 3 biological replicates, n(sibling, 24 hpf) = 35, n( ccm1-/-, 24 hpf) = 13, n(sibling, 48 hpf) = 22, n( ccm1-/- , 48 hpf) = 19. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple- comparisons test. Magenta box = no blood flow. (c) Maximum intensity projections of klf2a expression in the PCV of wild-type, tln1 uq1al -/-, ccm 1 uq6al -/-, and ccm1;tln1 double mutants at 48 hpf (scale bar = 30 μm). (d) Quantification of klf2a expression in the PCV at 48 hpf. Cyan box = genotypes with reduced blood flow in trunk vessels, magenta box = genotypes with no blood flow; 5 biological replicates, n( ccm1+/+;tln1+/+ ) = 11, n( ccm1+/+;tln1+/- ) = 32, n( ccm1+/+;tln1-/- ) = 21, n( ccm1+/-;tln1+/+ ) = 38, n( ccm1+/-;tln1+/- ) = 59, n( ccm1+/-;tln1-/- ) = 43, n( ccm1-/-;tln1+/+ ) = 27, n( ccm1-/-;tln1+/- ) = 54, n( ccm1-/-;tln1-/- ) = 17. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple-comparisons test. (e) Top: Maximum z- projections of confocal images of confluent monolayers of WT, ITGB1 LOF, CCM1 LOF, and CCM1 + ITGB1 LOF ECs, fixed and stained for KLF4 (cyan) and nuclei (DAPI, grey). Middle: KLF4 only (grey) with inlay showing the nucleus outlined in red and perinuclear KLF4 is indicated by blue asterisks. Bottom: Red hot LUT for heatmap of nuclear KLF4 expression (scale bar = 20 μm). (f) Quantification of nuclear KLF4 intensity in WT, ITGB1 LOF, CCM1 LOF, and CCM1 + ITGB1 LOF ECs; 3 biological replicates, 6 images per replicate, with each data point representing 3-20 nuclei per image. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple-comparisons test. Data represented using violin plots, small circles indicate individual data points for each replicate (color matched to replicate). ns=no significant difference, *p=0.0332, **p=0.0021, ***p=0.0002, ****p<0.0001.

    Article Snippet: The following antibodies were used: rabbit α-KRIT1 (CCM1) (WB 1:1000; Abcam, ab196025), rabbit α- GAPDH (WB 1:5000; Cell Signalling, 2118), mouse α-VE-cadherin conjugated to Alexa Fluoro 647 (IF 1:500, Becton Dickinson, 561567), rabbit α-phosphorylated Paxillin (Y118) (IF 1:250; Cell Signalling, 69363), mouse α-Vinculin (1:250; Sigma Aldrich, V9131), rabbit α-KLF4 (IF 1:100; Cell Signalling, 4038), rat α-mouse CD29 (9EG7) (IF 1:200; Becton Dickson, 550531), rabbit α-ITGB1 (WB 1:1000; Sapphire Bioscience, STJ93731).

    Techniques: Expressing, Staining